Added Value of Interactive 3-D Stereo Vision Echocardiography in the Heart Valve Team: A Post Hoc Analysis for Optimal Decision Making in Patients With Mitral Valve Regurgitation

Abstract

Objective: We assessed the added value of advanced echocardiography post hoc analysis for optimal decision-making in the Heart Valve Team (HVT) using an interactive, dynamic, live visualization system with true three-dimensional (3-D) stereo vision. Methods: HVT scrutinized the incremental value of 3 consecutive methods of presentation of full-volume echocardiographic data sets in terms of diagnosis and possibility of repair in 11 selected patients having mitral regurgitation (MR)(Table 1). The questionnaire investigated consecutively (a) standard two-dimensional (2-D) transesophageal echocardiography, (b) single-beat 3-D zoom of the surgical view of the mitral valve, and (c) advanced 3-D volumetric rendering technology (Personal Space Station, Vesalius 3D software, PS-Medtech, Netherlands). Results: In 4 of 11 reviews (36%), single-beat 3-D zoom had additional value over 2-D echocardiography in terms of mechanism/adjustments or adjustment of confirmation of diagnosis. Single-beat 3-D zoom had no additional value over 2-D echocardiography in terms of proposal/probability of repair. In 7 out of 11 (64%) reviews, true stereo 3-D visualization had additional value in terms of mechanism of pathology compared to 2-D and 3-D zoom and in 5 out of 11 (45%) reviews in confirmation of diagnosis. In 3 out of 11 (27%) reviews, true stereo 3-D visualization had additional value in terms of proposal of repair and in 4 of 11 (36%) in probability of repair over 2-D and 3-D zoom. Conclusions: Advanced easy-to-use true 3-D echocardiography limited differences in interpretation and strengthened the confidence in understanding the mechanisms and suitability for repair of mitral valve regurgitation, typically in more complex valve pathology.