Environmental Perspectives to the Rejection of Javanese Karst Mining in Systematic Literature Reviews

Abstract

The study presented in this literature review aims to ascertain community perspectives on the rejection of mining in the Javanese karst regions, guided by the question, "Is the population in Javanese karst regions more ecocentric?" The methodology employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which includes 29 literature reviews following the preferred reporting items for SPAR-4-SLR. Sources for the literature review were retrieved from several databases, including Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and GARUDA. An analysis of the perspectives adopted by Javanese karst communities, as discussed in each article, reveals a majority adherence to ecocentrism (13 manuscripts), followed by anthropocentrism (9 manuscripts). This dichotomy highlights the sources of conflict, such as in the Pangandaran karst in West Java, or manifest conflicts, as in the Pati and Rembang karsts in Central Java. For anthropocentric communities, the supporting factors include the backing of village officials, economic necessities, traditional livelihoods, and the presence of pre-existing mines. In contrast, ecocentric communities base their arguments on reliance on the agricultural sector, environmental awareness or activism, support from pro-environment networks, and the presence of indigenous peoples. The recommendation put forward here is specifically directed at local governments that have yet to designate karst landscapes as protected areas within their jurisdictions.