Anti-adipogenic effects of Parkia speciosa Hassk. pods extract containing gallic acid and p-coumaric acid on 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Abstract

Adipogenesis is the process by which preadipocytes develop into mature adipocytes and an increase in adipose mass may lead to obesity. Obesity is categorized as a chronic, low-grade inflammatory condition that can give rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Antioxidants help mitigate ROS, protecting cells and tissues from oxidative damage. Therefore, this study evaluates the antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects of Parkia speciosa Hassk. pod extract (PSPE) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in PSPE, with concentrations of measured at 53.97 ± 0.76 µg/mL and 1.74 ± 0.11 µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined to be 57.05 ± 0.22 µg/mL and 325.3 ± 4.85 µg FeSO4/mL extract, respectively. MTT assay results indicated that PSPE concentrations ranging from 31.25 to 250 µg/mL maintained over 80% cell viability, while oil red O staining demonstrated reduced lipid accumulation at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 µg/mL after 48 and 72 hours of treatment. These findings suggest that PSPE has potential as a natural antioxidant and anti-adipogenic agent, capable of inhibiting lipid accumulation and mitigating oxidative damage.