Vacunación antigripal en estudiantes de enfermería durante la temporada 2014-2015

Abstract

Background: Trainee students in healthcare settings of Castilla-León have been included as target group for infuenza vaccination since 2012-2013 season. Our aim was to determine vaccination coverage against seasonal infuenza virus among nursing students and to identify its determining factors after the implementation of such indication. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was performed during the 2014-2015 school year. It included all enrolled nursing students from a university of Castilla-León. The information (2014-2015 infuenza vaccination status, reasons and 10 questions about knowledge of vaccines) was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated and the associations were evaluated using a Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: 227 students of the 340 (66.8%) completed the questionnaire. 5.3% of them reported having been vaccinated. The main reasons to be vaccinated were: self-protection (75%), protection of family/friends (58.3%) and protection of patients (50%). The main reasons to be unvaccinated were: nobody has offered to vaccinate me (59.2%) and not having risk of infuenza or its complications (40.8%). At least 8 knowledge questions were answered correctly by 22.0% of students. Being aware that vaccines components are not dangerous was associated with vaccination (p=0.023). Conclusions: The coverage was low regarding rates in health-care workers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to promote and raise awareness regarding vaccination in this group. The level of knowledge was improvable. Since the knowledge that the doses of chemical substances in vaccines are not dangerous was associated with vaccination, specifc educational programs should be carried out at universities to improve/reinforce the students' knowledge regarding vaccines.