Addressing irregular migration into South Africa: Paradiplomatic efforts of subnational governments in the Limpopo Province

Abstract

South Africa has long been a choice destination for migrants from neighbouring states. Bilateral agreements exist between South Africa and Zimbabwe for the facilitation of free movement; however, many migrants attempt to cross the borders illegally, lacking any form of identification. The national government in Pretoria has introduced various measures to counter this illegal migration, but many of these measures have proven ineffective. Since border towns and cities receive these irregular migrants, they bear the brunt of the phenomenon on many fronts. While it is important to note that provincial and municipal governments govern these border spaces, it is equally essential to inquire what steps they have taken to address this phenomenon over the years. This study explores the paradiplomatic efforts of subnational governments in South Africa, most especially in the Limpopo Province, in tackling irregular migration and their implications for region-building within Southern Africa.