A review on glaucoma: causes, symptoms, pathogenesis & treatment

Abstract

If glaucoma is not treated, it can worsen and cause irreparable vision loss. It results from elevated intraocular pressure that gradually deteriorates the optic nerve. It is unclear exactly what causes this build-up of pressure, but several factors, including age, genetics, and specific medical disorders, may be involved. Glaucoma frequently has mild symptoms that take time to manifest and may not be apparent until considerable harm has already been done. Early detection and treatment can help prevent additional vision loss, which is why routine eye exams are so crucial. In order to reduce intraocular pressure, glaucoma is usually treated with medication or surgery. Eye drops, tablets, or a mix of the two can be prescribed. Traditional filtration surgery is one of the surgical options or more recently less invasive techniques. Glaucoma is a dangerous eye condition that needs to be closely watched over and managed. Although early diagnosis and therapy can help protect vision and prevent additional impairment, there is currently no treatment for the disease. People who are at elevated risk for glaucoma, including those who have a family history of the condition or who are older than 60, should make an appointment for regular checkups with an ophthalmologist to be checked for glaucoma symptoms. The article's summary will aid researchers in their efforts to improve glaucoma treatment.