The Empowerment of Households towards Independence through Social Capital in Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH)

Abstract

This research aims to reveal 1) The Role of Program Keluarga Harapan or known as PKH (Family of Hope Program) in empowering beneficiary households or known as KPM (Keluarga Penerima Manfaat), 2) The Role of Social Capital in realizing the independence of KPM-PKH in Sukoharjo district, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This research was qualitative by using a case study approach. The determination of informants used a purposive sampling technique. The informants were eight beneficiary households and four key informants they were the Head of Sukoharjo district office of the Ministry of Social Services, coordinator of Sukoharjo district, PKH supervisor, PKH facilitator, and two key informants to support any information. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed into three stages; data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The data were verified by observation and source triangulation and time. The result showed that 1) The Role of PKH in empowering the beneficiary households by providing social assistance, strengthening by the regular meeting of Family Development Session, known as P2K2 (Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga), strengthening by PKH cooperative, and joint business group, known as KUBE (Kelompok Usaha Bersama), 2) The Role of social capital to build independence of KPM-PKH by adopting cultural values, trust, reciprocity, participation, communication system, and venture networks of beneficiary households. This is caused by the relevance of social bonding, social bridging and social linking carried out by KPM-PKH. To conclude, livelihoods choice of KPM-PKH by employing social capital becomes strategic and productive opportunities to empower independence among poor households as beneficiary of PKH.Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan 1) Peran Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dalam pemberdayaan Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM), 2) Peran Modal Sosial dalam mewujudkan kemandirian KPM PKH di Kabupaten Sukoharjo Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Penentuan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Jumlah informan utama sebanyak 8 orang Keluarga Penerima Manfaat, 4 orang informan kunci yakni Kepala Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Koordinator Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Supervisor PKH dan pendamping PKH, serta informan pendukung yakni 2 orang tetangga KPM PKH. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data melalui tiga tahap yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Verifikasi data dilakukan dengan cara ketekunan pengamatan dan triangulasi sumber dan waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) Peran PKH dalam pemberdayaan KPM berupa pemberdayaan melalui pemberian bantuan sosial, pemberdayaan melalui kegiatan Pertemuan Peningkatan Kemampuan Keluarga (P2K2) atau Family Development Session (FDS), pemberdayaan melalui Koperasi PKH dan pemberdayaan melalui KUBE (Kelompok Usaha Bersama) PKH, 2) Peran Modal Sosial Dalam Menciptakan Kemandirian KPM PKH dengan menyelaraskan antara dimensi nilai kultur, dimensi trust, reciprocity, partisipasi, dimensi sistem komunikasi, dan jaringan usaha yang dimiliki oleh KPM PKH. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya relevansi antara social bounding, social bridging, dan social linking yang dijalankan oleh KPM. Dengan demikian, pilihan saluran penghidupan KPM PKH melalui pemanfaatan modal sosial menjadi peluang strategis dan produktif untuk menjaga daya tahan ekonomi rumah tangga miskin menuju kemandirian.