Integral field spectroscopy of massive, kiloparsec-scale outflows in the infrared-luminous QSO Mrk 231

Abstract

The quasi-stellar object (QSO)/merger Mrk 231 is arguably the nearest and best laboratory for studying QSO feedback. It hosts several outflows, including broad-line winds, radio jets, and a poorly understood kpc-scale outflow. In this Letter, we present integral field spectroscopy from the Gemini telescope that represents the first unambiguous detection of a wide-angle, kiloparsec-scale outflow from a powerful QSO. Using neutral gas absorption, we show that the nuclear region hosts an outflow with blueshifted velocities reaching 1100kms-1, extending 2-3kpc from the nucleus in all directions in the plane of the sky. A radio jet impacts the outflow north of the nucleus, accelerating it to even higher velocities (up to 1400kms-1). Finally, 3.5 kpc south of the nucleus, star formation is simultaneously powering an outflow that reaches more modest velocities of only 570kms-1. Blueshifted ionized gas is also detected around the nucleus at lower velocities and smaller scales. The mass and energy flux from the outflow are ≳2.5 times the star formation rate and ≳0.7% of the active galactic nucleus luminosity, consistent with negative feedback models of QSOs. © 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.