Review of Ornamental Plant Production (2015-2026): A Comprehensive Analysis of Research Trends, Technological Innovations, and Sustainable Practices

Abstract

This comprehensive review synthesizes the significant advancements in ornamental plant production from 2015 to 2026. The ornamental horticulture sector, valued for its aesthetic, economic, and environmental contributions, has witnessed a paradigm shift driven by technological innovation and increasing demands for sustainability. Key areas of transformation include the widespread adoption of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) and Vertical Farming (VF), which leverage precise environmental controls, LED lighting optimization, and soilless cultivation techniques like hydroponics and aeroponics to enhance plant growth, quality, and resource efficiency. Advancements in propagation, particularly micropropagation and tissue culture, have enabled rapid, disease-free mass production, while genomic breeding tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 are revolutionizing trait improvement for aesthetics and stress tolerance. The review also highlights the critical role of sustainable practices, including Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and bio stimulant applications, in mitigating environmental impact. Furthermore, strategies for climate change adaptation, such as breeding for drought and heat tolerance, are explored. Post-harvest handling has seen innovations in preservation techniques to extend shelf life, aligning with evolving consumer preferences for fresh and long-lasting products. The market landscape is characterized by robust growth, influenced by digital transformation and a heightened consumer awareness of plants’ health and wellness benefits. Despite these strides, challenges persist, notably high energy costs and economic feasibility for smaller operations. This review concludes that the integration of cutting-edge technology with ecological principles is crucial for the continued growth and resilience of ornamental horticulture in a rapidly changing global environment.