Material flow analysis in palm oil plantation

Abstract

This research examines the materials and processes involved in palm oil cultivation, focusing on their environmental impact from planting to harvesting. The primary objectives are to analyze the use of resources such as water, fertilizers, chemicals, and energy, and to assess the waste generated during each stage of production, with emphasis on understanding the effects on the surrounding environment. Palm oil (Elaeis), a key agricultural commodity used in cooking oil, industrial oil, and fuel production, thrives in optimal conditions of 24-28°C, at altitudes of 1-500 meters, with humidity levels of 80-90% and plant spacing of 9x9 meters. The study collected primary data over 12 months from plantations, focusing on water consumption, fertilizer usage (NPK, TSP, Urea), energy consumption (electricity and diesel), chemical application for pest control, and waste production, including solid and hazardous waste. The results show varying monthly fertilizer consumption, significant reliance on both electricity from the national grid and diesel generators, and the generation of hazardous waste, such as chemical and fertilizer containers. These findings highlight the considerable environmental impact of these practices, stressing the importance of adopting more sustainable methods in palm oil cultivation.