Epidemiological review of Dengue in Ecuador, its main findings and impact on public health

Abstract

Introduction: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, endemic in Ecuador and other tropical countries. Its incidence has increased due to factors such as uncontrolled urbanization, population mobility, climate change and deficiencies in vector control. In Ecuador, the four serotypes of the virus circulate, which increases the risk of severe forms and mortality. Methods: This study analyzes the recent epidemiological situation, the determining factors in the proliferation of the vector and the prevention and control strategies implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) through a review of scientific literature, official reports and previous studies. Results: An alarming increase in cases is evident, influenced by socioeconomic, climatic and health conditions. Epidemiological surveillance is insufficient, and vector control faces operational limitations. In addition, climate change favors the expansion of the mosquito, increasing the risk of more frequent and severe outbreaks. Conclusions: To mitigate the burden of dengue in Ecuador, it is necessary to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, implement sustainable vector control strategies and promote community education. Genetic monitoring of the virus and the integration of climate change into public health policies are essential for an effective response. The adoption of multidisciplinary approaches and inter-institutional cooperation will be key to reducing the incidence and impact of dengue in the country.