Epidemiological Studies and Validity of Diagnostic Test

Abstract

Epidemiology is a basic field of public health and deals with health outcomes in human population. There are main important epidemiological studies used in epidemiology to help epidemiologists and other health workers understand the concept of diseases causation, surveillances, investigation and management. Descriptive epidemiological studies are important in epidemiology and facilitate in frequencies of diseases or other health outcomes and use various variables like age, sex, ethnicity region and others to study diseases frequencies and distribution. Cases control studies are epidemiological research and employ outcome to discover the exposure using retrospective information of participants. Cohort study is also an epidemiological research and uses exposure to measure the outcome. In this study; follow-up was done in both cases and controls. Interventional studies seek to assess the effect of intervention given for a certain outcome. The outcome may be diseases and the investigator can assess the effect of treatment or vaccine. This study is used in clinical trials.