Nondrug-related aspect of treating ekbom disease, formerly known as restless legs syndrome

Abstract

Ekbom disease (EKD), formerly known as restless legs syndrome (RLS) has affectedand bothered many people over the centuries. It is one of the most prevalent neurological disordersin Europe and North-America, affecting about 10% of the population. The main characteristics arethe strong urge to move, accompanied or caused by uncomfortable, sometimes even distressing,paresthesia of the legs, described as a "creeping, tugging, pulling" feeling. The symptoms oftenbecome worse as the day progresses, leading to sleep disturbances or sleep deprivation, which leadsto decreased alertness and daytime functions. Numerous studies have been conducted assessingthe efficacy of dopaminergic drugs, opioids, and other pharmacologic agents in alleviating EKDsymptoms. However, there is also a growing body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness ofnonpharmacologic treatments including life style changes, physical activity programs, pneumaticcompression, massage, near-infrared light therapy, and complementary therapies. The workingmechanisms behind these alternatives are diverse. Some increase blood flow to the legs, thereforereducing tissue hypoxia; some introduce an afferent counter stimulus to the cortex and with that"close the gate" for aberrant nerve stimulations; some increase dopamine and nitric oxide andtherefore augment bio-available neurotransmitters; and some generate endorphins producingan analgesic effect. The advantages of these treatments compared with pharmacologic agentsinclude less or no side effects, no danger of augmentation, and less cost. © 2011 Mitchell, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.