Decolourization of Crystal Violate and Methylene Blue Wastewater Using Anaerobic Fermented Bio-Waste

Abstract

Textile exchange is a popular term in the textile industry and has incorporated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into its strategy for transformation. The advance of Industrial Revolution 4.0 digitised the textile industry and incorporated artificial intelligence (AI) into operation and supply chain to enhance production and improve product quality in different downstream processing. Malaysia’s textile industry has largely continued to contribute to the domestic economy. In the textile industry, refinement treatment is crucial to avoid water pollution derived from dye, organic pollutants, and heavy metals. Wastewater derived from textile industries must perform a pre-treat before discarding into the natural environment, as the excess dye in textile wastewater negatively impacts the environment. Untreated or inadequately treated wastewater and discharge to nearby water sources contribute to disease increase. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate microbiota biodiversity that can significantly remove or break down the dye in wastewater from the textile industry. This study selected two cationic dyes, crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB). Through the findings, microbial consortium derived from the fermented bio-waste show no significant difference in the decolourisation of wastewater polluted with CV (< 13.53%). In contrast, the microbial population generated from fermented bio-waste showed remarkable outcomes on MB decolourisation up to 88.52% in 3 days of treatment. In the absence of laccase in fermented bio-waste, microbial consortium produced from the fermented bio-waste is ineffective in decolourising the wastewater containing CV compared to MB.