Effect of diastatic power and processing index on the feed value of barley grain for finishing feedlot cattle

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional value of barley grain differing in diastatic power (DP; high vs. low; a malt trait) and processing index (PI; 75 vs. 85). One hundred sixty Angus × Hereford crossbred yearling steers (467 ± 38 kg; 144 intact and 16 rumen cannulated) were used in a complete randomized 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Steers were assigned to 16 pens, 8 of which were equipped with the GrowSafe system to measure individual feed intake. Cannulated steers (2 per pen) were randomly assigned to the 8 GrowSafe pens. Diets consisted of high- or low-DP barley grain (80.0% of diet DM) processed to an index of either 75 or 85% (PI-75 and PI-85, respectively). Ruminal pH in cannulated steers was measured over four 5-d periods using indwelling electrodes. Fecal samples were collected every 28 d from the rectum of each steer to assess digestibility using AIA as a marker. No differences (P > 0.10) in rumen pH were observed among cattle as measured by the indwelling pH meters. However, lower (P < 0.05) rumen pH was observed for steers fed low- as opposed to high-DP barley in rumen samples collected just pri or to feeding and measured in the laboratory. Intake of DM and OM were not affected (P ≥ 0.24) by DP but were lower (P < 0.01) with more severe processing (PI-75 vs. PI-85). Low-DP barley tended to exhibit higher (P = 0.09) total tract DM digestibility than high-DP barley. Steers fed PI-75 barley also had higher (P = 0.06) G:F and NEg. Digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and starch was higher (P < 0.05) for PI-75 barley than for PI-85 barley. Low-DP barley increased (P < 0.05) carcass dressing percentage by 0.5% compared with high-DP barley, with a lower PI tending to increase (P = 0.06) rib eye area. Compared with steers fed high-DP diets, steers fed low-DP diets had more (P = 0.01) total (41.7 vs. 19.4%) and severe liver abscesses (22.2 vs. 9.7%). Results suggest that although low-DP barley increased liver abscesses, differences in DP did not alter digestion or growth performance but low-DP barley did improve dressing percentage. Barley with different DP responded similarly to processing, with more intensive processing (PI-75) of barley improving starch digestion, feed efficiency, and NEg without negatively affecting rumen pH.