Spatial Patterns of Ceroxylon parvifrons (Engel) H.Wendl of the Montane Forests in Southern Ecuador

Abstract

The species of the genus Ceroxylon have narrow geographical ranges, and subsequently, their populations are subjected to a high degree of fragmentation due to deforestation and land conversion. Ceroxylon parvifrons (Engel) H. Wendl is a representative floristic species of the Andean rainforest; however, little information related to its natural history, ecology, biology, and conservation status is available, making it difficult to assess its biological relationship with the environmental factors and the current status of their populations in natural environments. Here, we studied the spatial pattern of adults, rosettes, and seedlings of C. parvifrons in the montane rainforest and assessed the role of populations' spatial structure and intraspecific interactions on plant performance. A total of 460 individuals were categorized according to their size, with 11 adults, 10 juveniles, 336 rosettes, and 103 seedlings being recorded. C. parvifrons showed that the population is expanding during the first two stages of the plant (seedling and rosette). After this, there is a significant decrease where the frequency of individuals of the juvenile and adult categories tend to disappear from the population. The L (r) function shows a robust clustering throughout the entire scale for seedlings, rosettes, and adult palms. Also, the Poisson cluster process describes a patchy distribution in which plant individuals are distributed in clumps (clusters). Thus, this approximation related to spatial patterns of C. parvifrons will provide an important step for the conservation of this species in tropical zones.