Mapping Psychosis Risk States Onto the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Using Hierarchical Symptom Dimensions

Abstract

Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is a transdiagnostic risk state. However, it is unclear how risk states such as CHR fit within broad transdiagnostic models such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). In this study, a hierarchical dimensional symptom structure was defined by unfolding factor analysis of self-report data from 3,460 young adults (mean age = 20.3 years). A subsample (n = 436) completed clinical interviews, 85 of whom met CHR criteria. Regression models examined relationships between symptom dimensions, CHR status, and clinician-rated symptoms. CHR status was best explained by a reality-distortion dimension, with contributions from internalizing dimensions. Positive and negative attenuated psychotic symptoms were best explained by multiple psychotic and nonpsychotic symptom dimensions, including reality distortion, distress, fear, detachment, and mania. Attenuated psychotic symptoms are a complex presenting problem warranting comprehensive assessment. HiTOP can provide both diagnostic precision and broad transdiagnostic coverage, making it a valuable resource for use with at-risk individuals.