The Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Abstract

OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be complicated by comorbidities, particularly pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to assess the prevalence of PE in ILD patients. METHODS Our study is a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted on ILD cases diagnosed between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2021. Out of the total ILD cases (n = 153), we enrolled for analysis only those who underwent a computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) (n = 48). We recorded the number of patients who had a PE event on CTPA, gender, age at PE and ILD diagnoses, a chronology of PE with ILD diagnosis, PE characteristics, PE therapy, type of ILD, radiographic progression of ILD, presence of pulmonary hypertension, and mortality. RESULTS Seven patients out of 48, had PE (14.6%). The mean age at the time of PE diagnosis was 70 ± 9.73 years. No statistical difference existed between the PE and non-PE groups regarding gender predominance or the age at ILD diagnosis. All of the identified PE events (n = 7) were segmental (100%), one was saddle PE (14.3%) and one was recurrent (14.3%). No PE events were diagnosed prior to ILD diagnosis, three patients (42.9%) had a simultaneous diagnosis of PE and ILD, and four patients (57.1%) were diagnosed with a PE after ILD diagnosis by a mean time of eight months. No difference in ILD radiographic progression, pulmonary hypertension, or mortality between the two groups was found. CONCLUSION PE is not uncommon in ILD and needs to be ruled out, especially in patients with worsening respiratory status.