Comparative Analysis of Essential Oil Profiles From Emprit Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) Grown in Different Locations and Antibacterial Activity Againts Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) is a native Indonesian medicinal plant used to treat various diseases. Apart from being an antioxidant, ginger emprit also has antibacterial potential. However, herbal materials used for medicinal purposes produce inconsistent effects due to the fluctuating chemical composition of the plants, usually caused by differences in growing locations that affect the content of active metabolites. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of essential oil of emprit ginger rhizome. Samples were obtained from 14 different growing locations namely Ponorogo, Magetan, Pacitan, Wonogiri, Karanganyar, Boyolali, Semarang, Magelang, Purworejo, Temanggung, Wonosobo, Banyumas, Bantul, and Kulonprogo. The essential oil profile of emprit ginger was obtained through Gas Chromathography Mass Spectometry (GCMS). Analyzed by multivariate calibration of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS) using SIMCA software. Antibacterial activity of essential oils was performed by microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Analysis of antibacterial activity was determined by probit method to obtain the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration-50 (MIC50). The results of the GCMS spectrum of essential oil showed that the main compound components in ginger emprit essential oil are Citral, Bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl, exo-(CAS), Z-Citral, Geranyl acetate, Camphene, 1,6 Octadiene, 7 Methyl-3-Metylene, 1,6-Cineole, Farnesene, Bornylene, Beta-Myrcene, Zingiberene, and Alpha-pinene. The results of the Staphylococcus aureus antibacterial activity test on emprit ginger rhizome essential oil from Boyolali area show the highest MIC50 value of 0.2011% v/v.