Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Abstract

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a form of non-progressive congenital contractures in multiple joints. The inci-dence of AMC is 1 in 5000 live births. Contractures involving minimum 2 joints in different regions of the body are called arthrogryposis. Individuals with arthrogryposis cannot move or exhibit submissive movements of the affected joints. Some patients might even have clubfeet or vertical talus, because of which the treatment can fail; whereas contractures not associated with arthrogryposis can be treated to some extent. AMC is a clinical sign rather than a specific diagnosis. Factors that result in fetal akinesia may lead to congenital contractures or fixation of joints that present at birth. Antenatal ultrasonogra-phy (USG) helps diagnose the condition precisely. In this case series, we report 3 cases of newborns with different types of AMC involving multiple systems and associated condi-tions based on our clinical experience. Here, we shed light on the etiology, classification, antenatal diagnosis, and management of AMC. We also stress upon the significant role of antenatal USG in the diagnosis and prevention of this condition.