Navigating a Diverse Paradigm: a Conceptual Framework for Experimental Framing Effects Research

Abstract

This review introduces a conceptual framework with three elements to highlight the richness of the experimental framing effects literature, while providing structure to address its fragmented nature. Our first element identifies and discusses the Enduring Issues that confront framing effects researchers. Second, we introduce the Semantic Architecture Model (SAM), which builds on the premise that meaning can be framed in different textual units providing opportunities for frame manipulations in framing effects experiments. Third, we provide an Inventory of Framing Effects Research Components used in framing effects that we illustrate with salient examples from the framing effects literature. By offering this conceptual framework, we put forward arguments for revitalizing framing effects research.