Modeling of the morphofunctional state of the biathletes body

Abstract

Purpose of study: to develop models of the morphofunctional state of the body of biathletes to predict the success of the implementation of sports activities. Materials and methods. The study involved male athletes aged 19-21 years (n = 11) who are members of the National team of Ukraine and the Chernihiv region on biathlon (2 Masters of Sports of Ukraine, World Class, Merited Masters of Sports of Ukraine, 6 Masters of Sports and Candidates in Masters of Sports of Ukraine; 3 first-degree athletes). Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of literary and Internet data; pedagogical observation; methods of functional diagnostics; modeling methods; pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results and conclusions. Athletes are distinguished by the peak of the low-frequency component of the spectrum of the HRV (Low Frequency, Hz) in the basal conditions and the duration of the phase of filling the pulse wave (Df, s). Since the individual components of the spectral analysis of the heart rate variability are characterized by the dominant frequency range, the power and the ratio of the components of the HRV, we have identified the subgroups in accordance with the differentiating trait, which allows to characterize the energy supply of sports activities of biathletes of different qualifications. In particular, in the basal conditions high-level biathlonists are distinguished by a relatively high total power of the spectrum, which is formed mainly due to the power of the high-wavelength component and the recession of the low-wave component, which in turn leads to a significant dominance in the heart rate rhythm of the parasympathetic activity over the sympathetic (LF ∙ HF -1, cu). With a decrease in the level of athletes training, there is a shift in the dominance of low- and ultralow-wave components of the HRV. In the restitution phase after the PWC 170 test, all athletes experience incomplete restoration of the spectral capacities of HRV while preserving the dominance of the sympathetic or parasympathetic level of regulation depending on the qualifications. For various qualifications of athletes-biathlonists there is a certain morphofunctional state of the body systems, which determines the success of the implementation of a professional program. These criteria allow to reduce the expense of an athlete-biathlete training and achieve a high level of achievements in sports activities.