The effect of mindfulness combined with exercise compared with a self-management guide on measures of nervous system sensitivity in individuals with chronic pain: a pilot randomised control trial

Abstract

Background: This study described a sensory profile of participants with chronic pain (CP) in a previously reported feasibility RCT, in terms of quantitative sensory testing (QST) measures and the Central Sensitisation Inventory (CSI). Aims: The study aimed to explore the changes in QST measures and the CSI in this sample following participation in a mindfulness and physical activity intervention compared to an online self-management guide. Methods: Participants were randomised into (i) a combined mindfulness and exercise online interactive group or (ii) an online self-management group. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT), temporal summation (TS), conditioned pain modulation (CPM) measures, and the CSI were completed with participants at baseline and post-intervention. Results: Baseline (n = 33) and post-intervention (n = 22) measurements were completed. High mean CSI scores (54.69, SD 23.85) were noted at baseline in participants, indicating the presence of central sensitisation [n = 33; 70% (n = 23) score > 40]. Mean baseline scores for TS were high (2.64, SD 1.60), indicating the presence of pain facilitation, and variable results were observed for baseline PPT and CPM measures. The combined intervention was not found to be superior to a self-management guide in this cohort in terms of changes in PPT, TS, and CPM measures and the CSI. Conclusions: High baseline CSI and TS scores were identified in the cohort at baseline, with no notable trends identifiable with regard to changes in QST scores or the CSI post-intervention. Further studies are recommended with larger sample sizes in order to understand changes in QST measures following participation in interventions of this nature.