Characterization and antimicrobial activity of silver doped hydroxyapatite obtained by the microwave method

Abstract

In this study, silver (Ag) doped hydroxyapatite (HA) was produced by the microwave method and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. The physical, chemical and structural characteristics of the material were determined using multi-purpose X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) apparatus. The amount of silver in the solutions of silver-doped hydroxyapatite obtained were determined with the use of an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy instrument (ICP-OES). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the silver doped hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) against the test microorganisms was determined by the Broth Microdilution method. It was established that a concentration of 2.09 - 12.25 µg/ml was effective against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 12228, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae CCM 2318), and 4.18 - 12.25 µg/ml was effective against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538-P, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10239.