Progress, Applications, and Challenges of Amorphous Alloys: A Critical Review

Abstract

Amorphous alloys, also known as metallic glasses, are a type of novel amorphous material discovered by chance. This discovery has greatly enriched the field of metal physics, spurred the rapid development of amorphous physics and materials science, and propelled amorphous physics to the forefront of condensed matter physics. As an important and challenging branch of this discipline, amorphous physics now plays a pivotal role in understanding the complexities of non-crystalline materials. Amorphous materials, characterized by their unique properties, are not only widely used in daily life and high-tech fields but also serve as model systems for studying significant scientific issues within materials science and condensed matter physics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of amorphous alloys, discussing major scientific issues and challenges in amorphous science, the formation mechanisms of these materials, their structural characteristics, and their physical and mechanical properties. Additionally, it explores the various applications of amorphous materials and forecasts future research trends, significant issues, development prospects, and directions within this vibrant field.