Insegurança Alimentar e estado nutricional de crianças de São João do Tigre, no semi-árido do Nordeste

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the nutritional status of children under five years of age and to verify its relation with food insecurity profile. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 458 families with 558 children in the city of São João do Tigre, semi-arid area of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Food insecurity was determined based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Nutritional status was assessed through height-for-age, weight-for-age and Body Mass Index (BMI), using the World Health Organization curves as a reference. The associations of socioeconomic and biological variables with height-for-age were also examined. Results: Food security was found in only 13% of families, and a moderate insecurity condition was more prevalent (40.2%). There was a lower frequency of malnutrition for BMI than normally expected (1.2% and 1.3% respectively for the rural and urban areas) with a high prevalence when considering height-for-age indices (16.8% and 12.9%, respectively). The linear regression analysis showed that only two variables (per capita family income and maternal years of schooling) had a significant influence on child height-for-age. Conclusion: In a population with a high poverty degree, low Human Development Index and high prevalence of food insecurity, the exclusive use of anthropometric indicators may show a more favorable nutritional status. Therefore, the results cannot be interpreted only in the field of internal validity, but as part of a process of fast changes that characterize the nutritional transition in course, also reaching populations in unfavorable life conditions.