The Influence of Water in the Vapor-Assisted Conversion Synthesis of UiO-67 MOF Thin Films

Abstract

Water is known to play an important role for the crystallization and stability of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This work investigates its effect on the vapor-assisted conversion (VAC) synthesis of UiO-67 MOF thin films on Au-coated Si substrates. We demonstrate the equilibration processes taking place during the VAC procedure, confirming the gradual equilibration of all solutions upon heating. The presence of water affects the vapor phase composition but does not significantly impact the acetic acid equilibration rate. However, the preparation of UiO-67 thin films by VAC is highly sensitive to the water content in the reaction. Some water is required for the formation of the zirconium clusters, but excessive water in the reaction vial yields poorly crystalline materials. Atmospheric water that is taken up by the vapor source can be sufficient to reduce crystallinity dramatically. This complication can be partially overcome by increasing the amount of acetic acid in the vapor source.