Progress of ceramic materials in the application of armor protection

Abstract

Bulletproof ceramics have emerged as crucial elements within contemporary ballistic protection systems, aiding in safeguarding individuals and assets against various threats. As the demand for enhanced protection continues to rise, understanding the evolution and advancements in ceramic armor materials becomes imperative. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, properties, and advancements in ceramic armor materials. The nuanced comparative study of these ceramics includes highlighting the distinct ballistic properties of each, with a particular emphasis on the balance between hardness and potential fragility, as well as Silicon Carbide’s promising composite ceramics. The paper spotlights the transformative potential of graphene-modified ceramics, functional gradient materials, and micro-laminates. Alumina ceramics underscore the significance of microstructural optimization and the role of grain size adjustments. Conclusively, this paper offers a panoramic view of the past, present, and future trajectories of ceramic armor materials, advocating for continued research and innovation in this critical domain.