Produção e caracterização de biossurfactantes metabolizados por pleurotus sajor-caju a partir de óleo de soja

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the production of biosurfactants by the fungus basidiomycete Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB 019. The biosurfactants formation was determined by the reduction of the surface tension (RT %) of the culture medium at the initial time and the culture broth at the end time. A bench top bioreactor (4 L) was used in order to monitor the mycelial growth and the ΔT in of the culture broth with time and lower surface tensions occurred six days of cultivation (144 h) (43.4 mN/m) in the experiment B1 (T=34 °C, pH Initial 3, agitation of 300 mim-1aeration of 0.25 L.mim-1 and using commercial soybean oil) and 8 days (192 h) (40.7 mN/m) in B2 experiment (same conditions B1 but using frying residual soybean oil). The higher emulsification index for the experiment B1 in 6 days was 66.6% and for the experiment B2 at 8 days was 65.8%. The biosurfactants extracted from experiments B1 and B2 showed 12.0% ± 0.5 and 10.6 ± 0.6% carbohydrate, 7.4 ± 0.5% and 7.7 ± 1.0% of protein, respectively. In the analysis of the FTIR spectra for both the experiment can be identified bands confirming the presence of carbohydrates and proteins and suggests the presence of lipids.