Decreased mineral availability enhances rock phosphate solubilization efficiency in Aspergillus niger

Abstract

Microbial solubilization of rock phosphate (RP) is mainly achieved by the production of organic acids and medium acidification through H+ release. During RP solubilization, mineral nutrient availability is likely to be critical for determining how much carbon is channeled either for metabolite synthesis or for microbial growth, influencing organic acid release by microorganisms. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the relationships between the concentration of mineral nutrients in the growth medium and the efficiency of RP solubilization by Aspergillus niger FS1. For this, the fungus was grown in Czapek medium containing 0, 1, 2, 10, 50, and 100 % of its original concentration of mineral nutrients. Decreasing mineral availability in the growth medium led to decreases in fungal biomass and solubilized P, and increases in titratable acidity and solubilization efficiency as expressed by mg solubilized P per g fungal biomass (YP/B), indicating a shift in fungal metabolism from biomass production to organic acid release. The transfer of pre-grown biomass to media with or without added minerals confirmed that lower mineral availability increases YP/B and led to the solubilization of 76 % of P present in Patos RP. These observations open new perspectives on improving RP solubilization systems by manipulating mineral nutrient availability in the medium, with consequent gains in cost reduction.