Software performance antipatterns in cyber-physical systems

Abstract

Software performance antipatterns (SPAs) document common performance problems in software architecture and design and how to fix them. They differ from software antipatterns in their focus on the performance of the software. This paper addresses performance antipatterns that are common in today's Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). We describe the characteristics of today's CPS that cause performance problems that have been uncommon in real-time embedded systems of the past. Three new performance antipatterns are defined and their impact on CPS is described. Six previously defined performance antipatterns are described that are particularly relevant to today's CPS. The paper concludes with observations on how this work is useful in the design, implementation, and operation of CPS.