Remarkable advances in palladium and nickel catalyzed reactions: Increasing impact on organic synthesis

Abstract

Recent remarkable progress in palladium and nickel-catalyzed reactions and its increasing impact on organic synthesis are surveyed. Aryl chlorides, which have been regarded as inactive compounds in nucleophilic substitutions, undergo facile Pd-catalyzed substitution. In these reactions of aryl chlorides, use of bulky and electron-rich ligands, typically tri (tert-butyl) phosphine, are important. Pd-catalyzed amination, Mizonoki-Heck reaction, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, Sonogashira reaction, α-arylation of ketones with aryl chlorides proceed smoothly using various bulky and electron-rich ligands. Also active Pd catalysts are prepared by coordination of stable N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Ni-phosphine complexes, impregnated on carbon were found to be very active catalysts for the substitution of aryl chlorides.