A Case Report of Allergic Hypersensitivity to Color Additives in Slurpee® Beverages

Abstract

Introduction: Many commercially available foods and beverages contain color additives to which patients may develop allergic hypersensitivity. Several color additives currently approved for commercial sale in the United States have raised health concerns to a varying degree as testing and evidence of carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and hypersensitivity has thus far been inadequate. Common uses for color additives include baked goods (eg, cakes, pastries, candy), flavored dairy products such as yogurt, sports-themed drinks (eg, Gatorade® Fruit Punch), and red-dyed Slurpee® beverages. Methods: We present the case of a patient who experienced color additive-related allergic hypersensitivity reactions after consumption of Slurpee® beverages, which may place her at risk when consuming other commercially available beverages and food products containing color additives. Percutaneous skin testing and an oral challenge were administered using three different red color additives (two color additives for skin testing and one color additive for the oral challenge). Results: The specific color additive precipitating her symptoms was not conclusively identified. Review of the literature acknowledges the idea that further research into color additive-related allergy should be conducted as there are many commercially available color additives that can elicit hypersensitivity reactions after consumption. Conclusion: Current research shows that of the red color additives available, Citrus Red, Red No. 3, and Red No. 40 are recognized to elicit such reactions. In order to lessen the burden of color additive-related hypersensitivity in the general population, public education, increased research, and subsequent regulations should be implemented.