Transforming Agricultural Residues into Construction Materials: A Sustainable Path Forward

Abstract

Amid growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable construction, agro-waste materials present a promising alternative to conventional building resources like cement and steel.This study explores the use of agricultural residues such as rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse, coconut shells and natural fibers in producing eco-friendly construction components including green concrete, bricks, insulation, particleboards and bio-based plastics.These materials offer benefits like reduced density, improved thermal insulation and sufficient structural performance, while treatments such as alkali washing enhance durability and fire resistance.Artificial Intelligence (AI) further supports this innovation by enabling predictive modelling, life cycle analysis and supply chain optimization.However, challenges persist, including material inconsistency, limited standardization and durability concerns.The study recommends future research on flammability reduction, fungal resistance, and thermodynamic behavior to enhance performance and market readiness.Overall, agro-waste integration in construction contributes to environmental conservation, resource efficiency, and alignment with global sustainability goals.