Optimization of Endoglucanase Synthesis by Trichoderma harzianum via Taguchi Approach

Abstract

The oil palm biomass produced by plantations and mills in Malaysia is the largest contributor to the nation’s agro-waste, with the oil palm leaves (OPL) topping the list. Nevertheless, the surplus of OPL might have applicability as the substrate for cultivating lignocellulolytic bio-degraders. Ipso facto, this study employed raw OPL as the carbon source for cultivating Trichoderma harzianum under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Optimizing the SSF process using the Taguchi orthogonal design to produce endoglucanase (CMCase) successfully established the optimal fermentation conditions: 7.00 × 108 spore/g inoculum size, 50% moisture content, pH 12 Mandel’s medium, with 3-day incubation at 40°C. The crude enzyme cocktail exhibited the corresponding maximum activity of 417.49 ± 6.61 U/g CMCase. The SSF process parameters significantly affected the enzymatic activities, namely, moisture content, inoculum size, and initial pH (p-value < 0.05). It can be construed that the high extracellular CMCase activity of the T. harzianum crude enzyme cocktail could be useful in accelerating the saccharification of cellulose for biofuel-and nanocellulose production.