Ad libitum intake of a high-carbohydrate or high-fat diet in young men: Effects on nutrient balances

Abstract

The effect of diet composition [high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HC) and high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF) diets] on macronutrient intakes and nutrient balances was investigated in young men of normal body weight. Eleven subjects were studied on two occasions for 48 h in a whole-body indirect calorimeter in a crossover design. Subjects selected their meals from a list containing a large variety of common food, which had a food quotient > 0.85 for the HC diet and < 0.85 for the HF diet. The average ad libitum intake was 14.41 ± 0.85 MJ/d (67%, 18%, and 15% of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively) with the HC diet and 18.25 ± 0.90 MJ/d (26%, 61%, and 13% of energy as carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively) with the HF diet. Total energy expenditure was not significantly influenced by diet composition: 10.46 ± 0.27 and 10.97 ± 0.22 MJ/d for the HC and HF diets, respectively. During the 2 test days, cumulative carbohydrate storage was 418 ± 72 and 205 ± 47 g, and fat balance was 29 ± 17 and 291 ± 29 g with the HC and HF diets, respectively. Only the HF diet induced a significantly positive fat balance. These results emphasize the important role of the dietary fat content in body fat storage.