Economic Analysis of Demand Response Incorporated Optimal Power Flow

Abstract

Demand Response (DR) is one of the most cost-effective and unfailing techniques used by utilities for consumer load shifting. This research paper pre-sents different DR programs in deregulated environments. The description and the classification of DR along with their potential benefits and associated cost components are presented. In addition, most DR measurement indices and their evaluation are also highlighted. Initially, the economic load model incorporated thermal, wind, and energy storage by considering the elasticity market price from its calculated locational marginal pricing (LMP). The various DR programs like direct load control, critical peak pricing, real-time pricing, time of use, and capacity market programs are considered during this study. The effect of demand response in electricity prices is highlighted using a simulated study on IEEE 30 bus system. Simulation is done by the Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm (SFLA). Comprehensive performance comparison on voltage deviations, losses, and cost with and without considering DR is also presented in this paper.