Measuring Socio-Cognitive Mindfulness as a State of Consciousness in Recreation, Parks, and Tourism

Abstract

Socio-cognitive mindfulness has been applied extensively in recreation, parks, and tourism research. Mos-cardo first applied Langer’s conception of mindfulness in the field and devised a mindfulness measure that has been subsequently used over the past three decades. This research note describes how this mindfulness measure has been employed in applied research in recreation, parks, and tourism. Other measures of mindfulness as a state of consciousness used in this field and information about scales to measure disposi-tional mindfulness are likewise addressed. Suggested future use and exploration of Moscardo’s mindfulness measure are also described.