The ideation, naturalization, and invisibilization of Discourses in Italy's tracked secondary education: a critical scalar account

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Abstract

The present paper analyzes the Discourses underpinning the tracked secondary education system in Italy through the lens of sociolinguistic scales (Blommaert 2007. Sociolinguistic scales. Intercultural Pragmatics 4(1). 1–19). Via an examination of education policy documents, historical accounts of policy discourse, classroom discourse data, ethnographic fieldnotes, ministerial websites, and literary texts, this paper considers how the Discourse of classism (with a capital D, á la Gee 1990. Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses, critical perspectives on literacy and education. London & New York: Routledge) which underlies the foundations of the tracked school system in Italy has gradually become naturalized and then ‘invisible’ (that is, hegemonic) as it has traveled through scales of political and social speech and texts (discourse with a lowercase d). This paper considers an alternative view of scales not as spatiotemporal spaces, places, or settings, but as types of metadiscursive labor (Carr 2006. “Secrets keep you sick”: Metalinguistic labor in a drug treatment program for homeless women. Language in Society 35(05). 631–653). This paper also discusses the role of critique, drawing on Pietikäinen’s (2016. Critical debates: Discourse, boundaries and social change. Sociolinguistics: Theoretical Debates) concepts of emancipatory, ethnographic, and carnivalesque critique, in rendering visible and available for re-scaling the Discourses which become invisible over time. (IT): Questo articolo si propone di analizzare i discorsi che costituiscono, modellano e mantengono il principio di separazione delle scuole superiori in Italia adottando diverse prospettive e concetti. In particolare, la prospettiva delle sociolinguistic scales (Blommaert 2007. Sociolinguistic scales. Intercultural Pragmatics 4(1). 1–19), i concetti di big-D Discourse e small-d discourse (Gee 1990. Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses, critical perspectives on literacy and education. London & New York: Routledge) e i framework teorici dell’antropologia linguistica rappresentano le premesse teoriche su cui si basa la nostra analisi. A questo proposito, l’analisi esplora come il big-D Discourse del classismo, alla base del sistema scolastico italiano fin dalla Legge Casati, si sia progressivamente naturalizzato e infine “invisibilizzato” (ovvero divenuto egemonico) nella società italiana. Le nostre riflessioni mostrano l’impatto delle politiche educative attraversando diverse scales di testi e discorsi politici, giuridici, letterari e ludici, utilizzando dati etnografici, siti web istituzionali e testi letterari. Tra gli aspetti innovativi dell’articolo, vi è la nostra interpretazione alternativa degli scales, concepiti non come semplici spazi o contesti spazio-temporali, ma come forme di “lavoro metadiscorsivo” (metalinguistic labor, Carr 2006. “Secrets keep you sick”: Metalinguistic labor in a drug treatment program for homeless women. Language in Society 35(05). 631–653). A questo proposito, fondamentale è il ruolo della critica nel rendere visibili e riscalabili i cosiddetti big-D Discourses che, nel tempo, tendono a scomparire nella loro stessa egemonia. In particolare, il contributo si rifà ai concetti di Pietikäinen (2016. Critical debates: Discourse, boundaries and social change. Sociolinguistics: Theoretical Debates) di critica emancipatoria, critica etnografica e critica carnevalesca.

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Leone-Pizzighella, A. R. (2025). The ideation, naturalization, and invisibilization of Discourses in Italy’s tracked secondary education: a critical scalar account. Multilingua, 44(6), 729–753. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2024-0224

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