Theoretical Background of Cryptography

Abstract

Cryptography is the practice of secure communication and the study of secure communication techniques. The theoretical foundations of cryptography include concepts such as cryptography, secure key exchange, digital signatures, and authentication. These technologies are used to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and reliability of information while it is being transmitted over a network or stored in digital form. The core of encryption is the concept of an encryption algorithm, which is a set of mathematical rules used to encrypt and decrypt data. The security of a cryptographic system depends on the strength of the underlying algorithm and the confidentiality of the key used to encrypt and decrypt the data. In this paper, Cryptography concepts and modern techniques are reviewed for types of encryption algorithms and the best ones, and many types of attacks and their impact on the encryption process.