Facile Cloud Point Extraction for the Separation and Determination of Phenolic Acids from Dandelion

Abstract

It is significantly crucial to develop a robust pretreatment for the quantitative analysis of herbs. However, the traditional strategies are time-consuming, tedious, and not eco-friendly. In this work, cloud point extraction (CPE) is engineered for the simultaneous separation and enrichment of ferulic acid (FA), chlorogenic acid (CLA), and caffeic acid (CA) from dandelion prior to its determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A famous nonionic surfactant of Triton X-114 was selected as an extractant of CPE, and parameters affecting the extraction, such as surfactant concentration, salt content, pH value, temperature, and incubation time, were investigated carefully. Furthermore, the well-designed CPE with ultrasonic assistance combined with HPLC was developed for the detection of the target analytes in dandelion. The established method having a good linearity in the range of 0.15-26.2 mg L-1 with R2 more than 0.9979 and the spiked recoveries ranging from 81 to 96% was applied to test real samples of dandelion. The contents of CA in samples were consistent with those assayed by the method (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015). The proposed method afforded good analytical performances, shorter pretreatment time (65 min), and less organic solvent consumption (less than 1.0 mL). It was proved that the developed method presented a facile, inexpensive, efficient, and environment-friendly pretreatment and can be used for the quantitative analysis of CLA, CA, and FA in dandelion. As expected, the proposed method would be a promising potential for the quality analysis of herbal medicines.