Reversible Cardio-Renal-Cerebral Syndrome in a Dog: A Case Report

Abstract

A 14-year-old miniature Pinscher was presented with azotemia, severe hyperkalemia, and oliguria caused by decompensation of chronic renal disease, along with bradycardia resulting from third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. Supportive medical treatment was instituted for the oliguria, azotemia, and hyperkalemia. Within 12 h of hospitalization, multifocal central neurologic signs developed, including nystagmus, quadriparesis, decreased mentation, and ventral neck flexion. A diagnosis of cardiorenal cerebral syndrome was made. A transvenous permanent pacemaker was placed to improve cardiac output. Within 24 h, clinical signs improved, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on day three.