Porosity in Polyaryletheretherketone

Abstract

Connective tissues are complex composite materials of cellular and extracellular matrix components that together confer specific biological and structural properties. Permanent solid biomaterials, such as polyaryletheretherketone (PEEK), mainly serve as a replacement for the structural properties. Materials and devices with porosity are primarily cited as having improved integration with the body and aiding a more natural biological and physical functioning. Porosity gives biomaterials the ability to allow tissue infiltration and integration. A structural biomaterial becomes a physical form that more closely replicates the natural tissue and allows the integration with the cellular component. This improved physical relationship between biomaterial and cells manifests itself as better cell functioning and enhanced fixation of devices with adjacent tissue. Incorporating porosity into PEEK opens a wide range of opportunities for research and biomaterials development. Many avenues for creating porous PEEK biomaterials are currently under investigation. It appears that the challenge for porous PEEK materials is the engineering of a material with pores that are sufficiently large to satisfy literature recommendations for bone in growth, yet also able to retain desirable structural properties. In addition, considerations around cost, scaleability of production, and the versatility of the technology to be absorbed into existing manufacturing routes must be made. The best application for a porous PEEK is not yet clear, although most intellectual property activity is around spinal applications. It is possible that the successful use of PEEK in the spine will additionally utilize this new form if the mechanical requirements can be met.