ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PHTHALATE EXPOSURE AND INSULIN RESISTANCE: A REVIEW

Abstract

Insulin resistance refers to a state in which the target tissues have reduced biological sensitivity to insulin. Insulin resistance is considered the common pathophysiological basis of many chronic non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. These diseases have become the major public health problems that seriously endanger human health and economic development nationwide, and the prevention and control of the occurrence of insulin resistance is a crucial issue. The occurrence of insulin resistance is a complex process influenced by genetics and environment. Genetic susceptibility, higher body mass index and less physical exercise are the main risk factors for insulin resistance. Besides, environmental endocrine disruptors such as phthalates may increase the incidence of metabolic disorders and explain a part of its increase. Therefore, this study reviews the epidemiological studies on the association between phthalate exposure and insulin resistance, and discusses the potential biological mechanisms. In conclusion, the majority of studies supported the hypothesis that phthalate exposure was significantly associated with the increased risk of insulin resistance. High oxidative stress, abnormal systemic inflammation and lipid metabolism were underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance induced by phthalates.