Country report for Botswana

Abstract

This chapter examines soil management and environmental governance in Botswana. It highlights key issues such as land degradation, overgrazing, and inadequate enforcement of environmental laws, particularly emphasising the limitations of existing legislation such as the Agricultural Resources Conservation Act. The chapter explores the implications of these challenges on sustainable land use and soil health, and how they impact key sectors such as agriculture, ecosystem health, and food security. An analysis of the existing legal framework reveals several shortcomings, including the lack of specific legislation dedicated to soil protection and the ineffective regulation of dual grazing rights. Specific attention is given to the complexities arising from overlapping institutional mandates and the inadequate implementation of policies related to land use and waste management. The chapter also presents key findings, such as the need for a dedicated institution to oversee soil resource management and the importance of strengthening public participation in land use planning. It offers recommendations aimed at improving soil conservation practices, enhancing the enforcement of environmental laws, and establishing clearer guidelines for waste management and forestry. It concludes by emphasising the urgent need for comprehensive soil legislation and legal reforms, particularly considering emerging trends including foreign investment in sustainable practices and the growing impact of land degradation on food security.