The Wisdom of Polygamy of Prophet Muhammad SAW: An Examination of the Interpretation of Ali Al-Shabuni in the Book of Rawai' al-Bayan Tafsir Ayat al-Ahkam

  • Rusdi H
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Abstract

This article aims to find out the wisdom of the Prophet Muhammad's polygamy according to Ali al-Shabuni in his book Rawai' al-Bayan. This is based on the fact that there are different perspectives where polygamy is considered a negative action. Apart from that, polygamy is also alleged to be an act that can hurt women and only favors men. However, Islam allows polygamy on condition that the husband can treat all his wives fairly. This refers to the QS explanation. al-Nisa' [4]: ​​3 which is seen as an argument for the legalization of polygamy. By using a qualitative-descriptive method, this article concludes that: First, Ali al-Shabuni views marriage as a form of sunnah, while for men who are polygamous with more than four wives it is forbidden. In other words, al-Shabuni allows polygamy as long as it meets the terms and conditions set by Islam. Second, the polygamous marriage practiced by the Prophet Muhammad according to Ali al-Shabuni contains four lessons that deserve attention, namely the teaching aspect, the legal aspect, the social aspect and the political aspect. From the four wisdoms mentioned by al-Shabuni, it appears that the Prophet's goal of polygamy was for the sake of religion and explaining religious law, especially to subdue the hearts of human opponents so that they could be attracted to embrace Islam and be able to establish good relations. In each of his marriages, the Prophet showed concrete evidence indicating his intelligence and courage, the height of his ideals and the beauty of his behavior. The Prophet's marriage was also not based on the satisfaction of sexual desire, because the Prophet when he was polygamous was not in his teens and the ones he married were not even girls.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hikmah poligami Nabi Muhammad SAW menurut Ali al-Shabuni dalam kitabnya Rawai’ al-Bayan. Hal ini dilatari oleh suatu fakta adanya perbedaan perspektif di mana poligami dianggap sebagai tindakan yang negatif. Selain itu, poligami juga disinyalir sebagai perbuatan yang dapat menyakiti kaum perempuan dan hanya berpihak pada kaum laki-laki semata. Meski demikian, Islam membolehkan berpoligami dengan syarat suami dapat berlaku adil terhadap semua istrinya. Ini merujuk pada penjelasan QS. al-Nisa’ [4]: 3 yang dipandang sebagai dalil atas dilegalkannya poligami. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa: Pertama, Ali al-Shabuni memandang pernikahan sebagai bentuk kesunnahan, sementara bagi laki-laki yang berpoligami lebih dari empat istri dihukumi haram. Dengan kata lain, al-Shabuni membolehkan poligami selama memenuhi syarat dan ketentuan yang ditetapkan Islam. Kedua, pernikahan poligami yang dilakukan Nabi Muhammad menurut Ali al-Shabuni mengandung empat hikmah yang layak diperhatikan, yaitu aspek pengajaran, aspek penetapan hukum, aspek sosial dan aspek politik. Dari empat hikmah yang disebutkan al-Shabuni itu, tampak bahwa tujuan Nabi berpoligami adalah demi kepentingan agama dan menjelaskan tentang hukum agama, khususnya untuk menundukkan hati manusia yang menjadi lawannya sehingga dapat tertarik untuk memeluk Islam dan dapat menjalin hubungan dengan baik. Dalam setiap pernikahannya, Nabi menunjukkan bukti konkret yang mengindikasikan kecerdasan dan keberaniannya, ketinggian cita-citanya dan keindahan tingkah lakunya. Pernikahan Nabi itu juga tidak didasarkan pada kepuasan nafsu seks, sebab Nabi ketika poligami tidak pada usia remaja dan yang dinikahi pun bukan yang gadis-gadis.

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APA

Rusdi, H. H. (2024). The Wisdom of Polygamy of Prophet Muhammad SAW: An Examination of the Interpretation of Ali Al-Shabuni in the Book of Rawai’ al-Bayan Tafsir Ayat al-Ahkam. Jurnal Ilmu Agama: Mengkaji Doktrin, Pemikiran, Dan Fenomena Agama, 25(1), 99–114. https://doi.org/10.19109/jia.v25i1.23097

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