Clinico-pathological findings in myeloid malignancies: A single center experience

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Myeloid malignancies are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem/precursor cells. The criteria for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are based on morphological cytogenetic and flow-cytometric findings. The prognostic outcome with intensive chemotherapy is better than with non-intensive treatment. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of various clinical & pathological findings in myeloid malignancies. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was carried out at Department of Pathology from October 2014 to December 2016. MATERIAL/PATIENTS AND METHODS: Detailed history, clinical and pathological findings recorded on a pre-designed proforma including bone marrow reports was evaluated. RESULTS: During period of study, 351 proformas including bone marrow reports were evaluated, from which 49 (30 males and 19 females; age ranges between 03 months to 60 years) were diagnosed as myeloid malignancies. The distribution of myeloid malignancies were acute myeloid leukemia (n=21), chronic myeloid leukemia (n=14), acute myelodysplastic syndrome (n=3), myeloproliferative neoplasms (n=3), myelofibrosis (n=2), myeloid hyperplasia (n=2), acute promyelocytic leukemia (n=2), myelomonocytic leukemia (n=1), and transient abnormal myelopoiesis (n=1).The main presenting complaints were fever and weight loss, whereas splenomegaly was the most common finding on clinical examination. The commonest laboratory finding was anemia followed by leukocytosis; while 10 patients showed pancytopenia. CONCLUSION: AML with fever and bicytopenia is the commonest myeloid malignancy in our series.