Diabetes and the importance of insulin

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a collection of metabolic illnesses marked by chronic hyperglycemia caused by insulin production, insulin action, or both. Insulin is secreted in pancreatic beta cells. Insulin deficiency produces a rise in blood glucose levels, causing problems with carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. With the progression of the condition, tissue or vascular damage occurs, resulting in severe diabetes consequences such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular problems, and ulceration.Without any comprehensive preventive and control measures, the worldwide prevalence of diabetes would continue to rise. Diabetes can be controlled non-pharmacologically by diet and exercise or pharmacologically by oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin. Insulin therapy is more effective in managing DM and is preferred in case of emergency hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, Insulin's physiological function and clinical significance are often associated with its involvement in glucose homeostasis. Several types of insulin have shown effective results in the management of DM. Insulin pen devices provide several benefits over the classic insulin bottle and syringe technique. Insulin pumps have been offered as an alternative to traditional insulin injections for the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.Thus it is safe and efficient in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM).