Vasorelaxant mode of action of dichloromethane-soluble extract from Agastache mexicana and its main bioactive compounds

Abstract

Context:Agastache mexicana (Kunth) Lint & Epling (Lamiaceae) is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension, anxiety and so on. Objective: To determine the vasorelaxant effect and functional mode of action of dichloromethane-soluble extract from A. mexicana (DEAm) and isolate the constituents responsible for the pharmacological activity. Materials and methods: Extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of A. mexicana (225.6 g) by successive maceration with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol (three times for 72 h at room temperature), respectively. DEAm (0.01–1000 μg/mL), fractions (at 174.27 μg/mL), acacetin and ursolic acid (UA) (0.5–500 μM) were evaluated to determine their vasorelaxant effect on ex vivo rat aorta ring model. In vivo UA antihypertensive action was determined on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Results and discussion: DEAm induced a significant vasorelaxant effect in concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent manners (EC 50 =174.276 ± 5.98 μg/mL) by a calcium channel blockade and potassium channel opening. Bio-guided fractionation allowed to isolate acacetin (112 mg), UA (2.830 g), acacetin/oleanolic acid (OA) (M1) (155 mg) and acacetin/OA/UA (M2) (1.382 g) mixtures, which also showed significant vasodilation. UA significantly diminished diastolic (80 mmHg) and systolic blood pressure (120 mmHg), but heart rate was not modified. Conclusion: DEAm produced significant vasorelaxant action by myogenic control cation. The presence of acacetin, OA and UA into the extract was substantial for the relaxant activity of DEAm. In vivo antihypertensive action of UA corroborates the use of A. mexicana as an antihypertensive agent on Mexican folk medicine.