Effects of Metal Phthalocyanines as Hole-transporting Layers of Perovskite-based Solar Cells

Abstract

Halogen halide perovskite solar cells using active layer of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 with vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc), vanadyl naphthalocyanine (VONc) and, tetrakis (tert-butyl)[bis(trihexylsiloxy)germanium phthalocyanine] (GePc) doped 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxy phenyl amino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) as hole- transporting layers were fabricated and characterized for optimizing with tuning the photovoltaic performance, optical properties, and microstructure. Introducing of metal phthalocyanine into the hole-transporting layer improved the photovoltaic properties including carrier diffusion with increase of carrier mobility, optical absorption, and the perovskite crystal growth. The metal phthalocyanines had the effect of promoting optically induced carrier generation and improvement of the charge transport with suppression of carrier recombination as electron blocking layers on the photovoltaic mechanism. The energy diagram and photovoltaic mechanism are discussed by the experimental results.